Time Series — Zia Hassan

Function: The BIS is responsible for sensitivity to punishment, non-reward, and novel situations. It regulates avoidance behavior.
Emotional Responses: It is associated with feelings of anxiety, fear, and apprehension. When activated, it can lead to cautious or inhibited behavior.
Neurobiological Basis: The BIS is thought to involve brain regions such as the hippocampus and amygdala, which are associated with processing risk and fear.

A time series - looking at a before and after in a point in time in data that was already out there.

What are the levels of time points in a table? ITS, DID, CITS, etc

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ITS: Interrupted Time Series - It is a statistical method that is used to evaluate the intervention impact at a specific point in time.
DID: Difference-in-Differences - This is an econometric technique that calculates the effect of a treatment (i.e., an explanatory variable or an independent variable that changes in time) on an outcome by comparing the average change over time in the outcome variable for the treatment group to the average change over time for the control group.
CITS: Comparative Interrupted Time Series - This method combines elements from both ITS and DiD techniques. It compares multiple units (e.g., individuals, companies, countries) where some units have been exposed to a policy/treatment/intervention and others have not.

As for levels of time points in a table for time series analysis, it’s usually defined as:

High-frequency data: Data collected at regular intervals less than a day such as hourly or every minute.
Daily data: Data collected once every day.
Weekly/Monthly/Quarterly data: Data collected once every week/month/quarter.
Annual data: Data collected once every year.

Remember that these levels can vary depending on the context and nature of what is being studied or observed over time.